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Catering to Your Target Audience

Friday, March 28th, 2008

Conveying a specific message in a written article is no easy feat. Audience expectations fall on every point of the information spectrum. One of the biggest mistakes that article writers make is to try to accommodate too many readers. The more general an article becomes in order to meet the interests of a wide readership, the more focus it loses. This leads to an article that oftentimes appeals to no one at all. A small niche audience is always better than no audience at all.

The first step to writing an effective article is to determine who you are trying to reach. Once you pinpoint your audience, you can cater to their interests and needs. Similarly, in deciding your target audience, you must establish why this specific group of people will be interested in what you are writing about. This may require the writer to research the concerns and values of this group of people.

In deciding the issues that are most pertinent to your audience, be attentive to the best methods of communicating with this group. Choosing the type of language and the general structure of your article can be important choices in the process of effectively reaching customers. In the same way your vocabulary may slightly change from a professional setting to a social environment, you will want to consider whether you should use a more serious or casual tone. While an overtly scholarly vocabulary sounds educated to one group, it sounds pretentious to another. Know the general perceptions of your target audience and you will more easily communicate with them.

Upon determining how to convey your message, you must determine what exactly that message is. Have a clear idea of what you are trying to say before you begin writing. Articles that wander from topic to topic with no precise goal tend to lose the interest of readers before they get past the second paragraph. Make a concise point in the initial paragraphs and use the rest of the article to solidify that point.

Providing examples is one of the most effective ways of backing up your message. These examples can include fabricated anecdotal stories or real life events. Writers will oftentimes use highlighted events in the media with which almost any reader will be familiar. If you do choose to utilize stories from real life events, make sure you consult valid sources for accurate information.

Sometimes such an example can serve as an important cohesive element in your article that helps tie everything together. Establishing a slogan or common thread that is referenced throughout the article makes for a more interesting article. Whether it is a real life example you continue to come back to, or a buzz word that is used in multiple forms throughout the article, a repeated concept will help hold your article together.

Another way in which your article gains credibility is through the process of fact checking and editing. You must avoid spelling and grammatical errors in order to appear educated and knowledgeable. In the same way, you will also want to make sure your facts and figures; you may very well be asked to provide solid evidence to support your message.

Such accountability is dependent on both your audience and the places in which your article is published. Some readers will be more attentive than others. Potential publishers are as important to keep in mind when writing as potential readers. The publishers know their audience; you will want to adjust your writing style to appeal to the publishers you are targeting as well as your end reader.

While it takes time to ponder these various considerations related to the writing process, you will find they will help your article achieve a higher level of success. Write directly to your readers and they will hear you. This is the best way to see your articles gain recognition and respect amongst your target audience.

Jackson Summerford holds court at his blog, Summerford Sums It Up.
Find more tips for writers Article Marketer, a wildly popular article distribution service.
http://www.articlemarketer.com

Dangers in Contract Negotiations With Non-English Speaking Consumers

Friday, March 28th, 2008

California like the rest of the country has many non-English or limited English speaking residents particularly within the Latino population. To capture these markets many companies often employ bilingual individuals. Sometimes these bilingual individuals chose to take advantage of the limited English speaking for greater profitability to the business and to line their own pockets.

While limited English speaking customers may seem like easy targets, California law provides for tough sanctions and expansive protection of these customers.

Under California law any person engaged in a trade or business who negotiates primarily in Spanish, Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, or Korean, orally or in writing, are required to deliver to the other party to the contract or agreement and prior to the execution, a translation of the contract or agreement in the language in which the contract or agreement was negotiated, which includes a translation of every term and condition in that contract or agreement, among other types of goods and services , this is true if entering into one of the following contracts:

(1) Retail installment sales, defined as the sale of goods or furnishing of services by a retail seller to a retail buyer for a deferred payment price payable in installments;

(2) a loan or extension of credit secured other than by real property, or unsecured, for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes;

(3) a lease, sublease, rental contract or agreement, or other term of tenancy contract or agreement, for a period of longer than one month, covering a dwelling, an apartment, or mobilehome, or other dwelling unit normally occupied as a residence.

(4) A contract or agreement, containing a statement of fees or charges, entered into for the purpose obtaining legal services, when the person who is engaged in business is currently licensed attorney.

In a recent case in imperial county, (Alba Graciano v. Robinson Ford Sales, Inc., Superior Ct. Case No. L-01452) a non-English speaking person bought a car from a car dealer. The salesman apparently attempted to take advantage of the buyer and the buyer proved in court that the deal was for 0% interest loan on a $12,000 car.

The documents were prepared in English with no Spanish translation and the salesman increased the price to $17,865.00. The car buyer filed a lawsuit for violation of consumer laws.

The jury made a modest award and was to decide on punishment, but a settlement was reached with the buyer for $45,000.00, but the court still had to award attorney fees and costs which were at $249,365.36. The court reduced the attorney fees to $27,570, but on appeal the Court or Appeal held that the attorney fees cannot be reduced, because it would be going against the intent of the legislature which is to protect consumers.

On top of approximately $235,000.00 in attorney fees the Court of Appeal also ordered payment of the costs and attorney fees associated with the appeal itself. One salesman’s error over a $17,865 care cost the dealer about $300,000.

There is an exception for persons engaged in a trade or business who negotiate primarily in a language other than English, but has his or her own interpreter. To qualify for the exception the interpreter must not be a minor and must be able to speak and read fluently with full understanding both English and the other language.

If failure to comply the person aggrieved may rescind the contract or agreement in the manner provided by California law. In addition to these remedies other remedies may also apply depending on the goods and services and applicable statutes.

Arnold Hernandez, represents clients primarily in San Marcos, Escondido, Vista, Oceanside, and throughout the Counties of San Diego, Imperial, Riverside, Los Angeles, and Orange in overtime clams, car accidents, dog bites, and truck accidents http://www.arnoldhernandez.com

Choosing the Most Appropriate Microsoft Training Course

Friday, March 28th, 2008

There are a large array of courses available for those who wish to improve their proficiency in Microsoft Office or Windows Training. Whether you are an individual or part of a business the difficulty is often matching your requirements with the most suitable course.

There are many variables that need careful consideration, such as the choice of program and version, the user’s level of experience and the type of course format. Of course all of these details can be discussed by making a quick call to a Microsoft Authorised Training Centre, but this article will give you the low down and is the perfect place to start.

Hopefully, selecting the appropriate application will not be too difficult. Training courses are available for all the various applications and versions in the Office suite, Windows and others Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Project and Frontpage.

Most levels for Microsoft Training can be split into Introduction, Intermediate and Advanced. The subjectivity of an individual’s choice according to their experience can be questionable at times and this is no easy task! Where possible it is always a good idea to look at the course syllabus or better still, contact a training centre for a better diagnosis.

Formats of Training
It is important to have resolved the above issues before proceeding in the decision of the most appropriate course format. We will now take a look at the various course formats available:

Public Schedule
Some of the leading Microsoft Training Companies in the UK offer daily public schedule courses for popular programs like Microsoft Excel training. Other business critical courses such as MS Project training are run as often as twice a week and are always in comfortable air conditioned environments in a variety of centres in and around London. These instructor-led classes typically have an average size of 6 with a maximum of about 8.

On-site
You may find it convenient for classes and trainers to come to your company site or home. You have the flexibility of covering a structured public schedule syllabus or tailoring the course to suite your individual requirements. It is often possible to combine syllabuses of different courses, which may include intermediate and advanced levels or two totally separate programmes.

It is handy to know that some of the leading Microsoft Training Companies have very competitive pricing policies and some even offer to beat any like for like training quotations - so do your research and ask! Many UK training companies offer on-site training UK wide and to other popular European locations.

Closed Company
Closed company training is sometimes preferred when there is a preference of training away from the work place and not in a public schedule course. Training companies provide training venues and Microsoft certified trainers that are able to train from a public scheduled syllabus or alternatively to specific tailored requirements.

One-to-one
One-to-one training, similar to on-site and closed company, can be done at your work place or at a training venue provided by the training company. It offers a more individual, highly tailored and personal approach that many often prefer. One-to-one training allows the individual to be trained at the most suitable pace and also allows time to be focused on critical business related subjects.

Consultancy
Businesses that require tailored training may also consider a mentoring approach in the form of consultancy. Consultancy provides a superb choice for businesses that need to understand or tweak an already existing application. For example, Excel Consultancy can help with spreadsheet design or re-design and development to improve robustness, efficiency and usability.

E-Learning
E-learning or blended learning solutions can help to sharpen Microsoft Desktop and general I.T. skills. This approach allows self paced learning to fit around your work or personal schedules.

Hopefully you should now have a clearer idea of what type of training course best suits your needs. Microsoft Training positively impacts on staff productivity and also helps in the communication of ideas and making informative business decisions in a fast and timely fashion. For more information about the right training course for you, a simple Google search will help find a reputable Microsoft Training company. They will be more than happy to discuss further your exact requirements.

Author is a trainer with a Microsoft Office training company, the UK industry leader in its sector.
For more information on Public Schedule or On-site, Closed Company, One-to-One, Consultancy and E-Learning, visit http://www.microsofttraining.net

DMAIC And Project Planning

Friday, March 28th, 2008

DMAIC

Although it is accepted that extraordinary levels of quality improvement are possible only by a radical change in management philosophy, leading to change in organizational culture, the fact remains that the exercise of undertaking process improvement projects cannot be overlooked for actual change to occur. Projects are the bridge between two parts, comprising of planning and doing. Although apparently similar, project and planning are different in scope.

Project And Planning

The dictionary definitions of the word “project” describe it as being a scheme, plan, proposal or an enterprise requiring determined effort. As far as “planning” is concerned, it refers to the systematic execution of actions, aimed at attaining a particular objective. Therefore, while the project is a description of what is supposed to be done, the plan details how it is proposed to be accomplished.

It is possible to integrate both by using DMAIC. A comprehensive DMAIC approach comprises integration of the project schedule development and financial analysis along with Six Sigma tools, all of which are vital to accomplish success.

Success in Six Sigma is not based on complicated and high-tech procedures. It relies wholly on tried and tested systems, which have been in use for long. It simplifies things by reducing the many complexities that are the hallmarks of TQM (Total Quality Management). It takes just a handful from the plethora of tools and techniques that characterize TQM, and concentrates on inculcating high levels of proficiency in their application in a few technical leaders selected in-house, to turn professionals into sharp Six Sigma Black Belts.

Even when using the latest methods in computer technology, Black Belts use the simple define-measure-analyze-improve-control framework of DMAIC for the application of the tools. Anyone with exposure to the plan-do-study-act model of TQM would find DMAIC to be similar. The DMAIC framework can be portrayed as follows:

DEFINE: Define targets for improvement at various levels. These may consist of strategic objectives of greater ROI (Return On Investment) or market share at the highest level. Improvement goals at the production level may comprise of increased output in some particular department, whereas the goal at the project level may be an increase in the yield for some process or machine, or a reduction in defects. In order to identify improvement opportunities, the application of data mining methods are desirable.

MEASURE: Determine the current baseline by measuring the existing system, followed by establishing reliable and valid metrics, which would help to monitor progress towards established targets.
ANALYZE: Use system analysis to identify techniques of gap elimination between current performance and desired target levels, for the process or system. Guide the analysis by the application of statistical tools.

IMPROVE: Find creative methods for system improvement that would result in cheaper, better, safer and faster ways of doing things. The new approach should be implemented through project management, and the application of other planning and management tools. Improvements should be validated using statistical methods.

CONTROL: Exercise control over the new improved system through institutionalization. Modify incentive and compensation systems, budgets, policies and procedures, operating instructions, maximum retail price and other systems of management. Correct documentation can be ensured through utilization of ISO 9000.

The DMAIC framework is an essential guide to process improvement projects used by Six Sigma Black Belts. The ease of implementation and high rate of success has made it find favor with management experts, as compared to other process improvement models.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

Tactics For Successful Career Branding

Friday, March 28th, 2008

Branded companies have a special hold on customers, attracting them with their promise of quality. They have an outstanding reputation for delivering the finest products and services in the market. They carry the responsibility of delivering the best and so does successful career branding.

Probably the best part of having a brand image for yourself is that it gives you an identity and could set you among the who’s who list of influential people. It makes you stand out as the best choice for the required job. All in all, it is selling your reputation to employers. It creates employment opportunities for you and could compel an employer to choose you above everyone else.

Branding decides your position and your status. However, a few things need to be considered and some are listed below.

Have The Necessary Education And More

Though the minimal educational qualifications will make you suitable for a job, additional education or training could set you apart and help you excel. Always try to acquire more knowledge in your chosen field and become a well-respected professional.

Experience Matters

As much as possible, keep exposing yourself to new business experiences. Attempt new assignments that are different and tougher than usual. This will help you to establish a wider knowledge base and enhance your skills, making you an indispensable asset to your employer.

Past Accomplishments Do Matter

Note down your past accomplishments and showcase them to people who matter. They are crucial in determining where you aim to be in the future.

Visual Branding

Present yourself in an appealing manner by paying attention to your attitude, appearance and etiquette. Make every effort to look the part. Remember, the first impression made on the employer lasts a long time, and will continue to surface with every interaction between the two of you.

Show Your Expertise

When building your career towards a brand, flaunt your abilities and minimize your liabilities. Advertise your skills and special abilities. However, work on promoting yourself, but do not brag. Remember, being humble and modest may not always work in your favor. In today’s business scenario, you have to make your presence felt. Have a USP or Unique Selling Proposition and use it to your advantage.

Build Strong Relationships

There is nothing more powerful than a large network of contacts. Be humble, yet firm with everyone you meet. Influence has an unusual way of catapulting you to the top.

Set A Target

Plan your strategy and set a deadline for yourself. Set realistic expectations for and do your best to achieve them. You should concentrate on achieving your goals within the specified timeframe.

Keep Building

After establishing your brand, continue striving to build on and maintain it.
Keep looking for opportunities to deliver your brand. Emphasize value, benefits and advantages to those you work for. Take pleasure in creating and communicating a clear and compelling brand. Advertising your abilities and special skills is a sure way of gaining ground on the competition.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

Risk Free Ways To Implement Six Sigma

Friday, March 28th, 2008

The first reaction of employees is to reject any methodology suggesting a change in the method or pattern they are used to. Complete adoption is a rarity, if not recognized initially.

To make employees adopt Six Sigma and to speed up the acceptance rate, it is best to let them decide on the changeover. They would prefer this to Six Sigma being thrust on them as a directive from management. The model used should be easy to understand and fit into the existing environment. It should be able to convey what it has to offer over and how it is above what is being done. “Six Sigma” is designed to show the opinion makers and leaders the benefits of implementation.

The best way is the “diffusion” route suggested by long research, on how changes set in and grow in corporation.

Selective Concentration: It has been proved that only about four percent of the workforce is responsible for half the re-work and waste, you need to first concentrate on training this small number using the Six Sigma tools and methods. They stand to learn through experience, which is far more effective than classroom training.

Set High Targets: Set high targets for reduction in defects, costs and cycle time. Starting with a fifty percent reduction target will give much higher results.

Start The Implementation Through A Few Small Teams: Avoid overall implementation all at once and start with a few teams. This will ensure that the success story spreads informally among the employees. This is one of the fastest ways for employees to adopt to change models. The initial teams talk to the next target group and this connectivity does take time, but is effective.

Don’t Take Hasty Decisions To Widen Your Scope: There is the “80/20″ rule that highlights that you waste much of your effort and come up with only twenty percent positive results, out of the eighty percent effort put in.

Use Simple Tools - Streamline and simplify your existing processes by using simple tools like the pareto charts, graphs and fishbone diagrams to lay the ground work for complex tools like the DOE and QFD and ensure a gradual climb on the Sigma scale.

Appraise And Refocus- On the completion of the training of the four percent that you started out with, proceed to tackle the next four percent and keep steadily increasing. The results of diffusion research show that an involvement of sixteen to twenty five percent creates major change in whole organization. The profitability and productivity figures would definitely reflect that improvement in the first lot of employees offers a defect and waste reduction of up to fifty percent.

The implementation of Six Sigma is always subject to risk of rejection during the initial stages. To make it risk free, it is best to use the diffusion method, allowing employees to adopt the method.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

Stockbrokers: Who Are They How Do They Work

Friday, March 28th, 2008

A stockbroker works under the supervision of the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States of America, if they are in the United States. They are regulated on how they can offer stock, how they must treat their client`s transactions, and only by passing the tests of the SEC can they do business.

It is reasonable to say that a stockbroker can be seen as a “financial friend” by a client or a client`s worst enemy. It all depends on the nature of the stockbroker, their honesty, and adherence to the regulations that they must follow.

Almost everyone knows something about the stock market. Some know from activities that reach the major news outlets regarding violations of rules or tenets of the marketplace. Occasionally a stockbroker is disciplined by the SEC, or charged by a court of competent jurisdiction for legal wrongdoing. Some know from major events in the stock market, i.e. the crash of 1929, the dot com bubble, and other events.

What can becoming a stockbroker do for you? You can serve your fellow man. You can learn a living. You can become very wealthy. You can grow and go on to become the principle in your own stock brokerage company.

A career as a stockbroker must start with proper licensing. To become licensed you must pass at least two tests a Series 6, and a Series 7. If you work for a firm and advance you career up the ladder there are other tests that must be passed, i.e. Broker Principle, before you can do that job.

Being a stockbroker offers all the challenges of an important sales position. You must be a specialist before you can begin to do the work that produces your income and provide the vital services your clients expect. Once prepared you job is to provide your clients access to a wide variety of markets such as the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, several commodity exchanges such as the Chicago Exchange, and specialized insurance and banking products as well.

If one thing can be said about becoming a stockbroker it is that it is not easy. The job changes with the whims and wills of the regulators, volatile conditions in the economy and marketplace, and the idiosyncrasies of individual human beings. Becoming a stockbroker requires dedication and the ability to learn and evolve with the times and the financial environment.

Ayna Miah knows the stock brokerage industry secrets both inside and out. Now he wants to share his profitable knowledge with you.Discover the Insider Tips, Techniques and Secrets That Will Turn You Into a Great Stockbroker and Even If You Have No Experience Whatsoever.http://www.aboutstockbrokers.com/blog

Double Your Speed With Six Sigma

Friday, March 28th, 2008

Most processes today, whether related to manufacturing, ordering, billing or fulfilling an order, possess a structure, which consists of ad-hoc processes that are usually lumped together, according to the need of the moment. Over time, most processes become complex and cumbersome, and slow-downs begin to occur. The result is that a lot of time, effort and money is wasted, with many departments being created to handle the various steps involved in the process.

Experts are employed to handle large workloads with the aim of cost reduction. However, in spite of everyone working at full capacity, sometimes there is no reduction in the workload nor is there any improvement in results. Productivity can remain low with dissatisfaction high.

If you take order processing as an example, a slow-down would seem to indicate that people are not working fast enough, and extra effort is warranted for a reduction in cycle time. In reality, as is usually the case, the increase in speed of working may not come about from everyone working faster; instead it could occur by focusing on the period of inactivity on a customer’s order.

Usually, it is true that while people continue to work, the order itself lies idle because of the constraints of the process design. An analysis of a process usually confirms that at multiple points, computerized programs can do the majority of the jobs equally well, or even better, than by the specialized people hired for it. It has been found that modifying the process can dramatically reduce the cycle time by up to seventy to eighty percent, giving manifold increase in speed.

A Typical Example Of Order Processing Using Six Sigma Would Suggest The Following:

1) Make a flow chart of the whole process, and mark all activities using a box diagram to depict each. Mark decisions by using diamond diagrams, and use arrows to connect the boxes and diamonds. The arrows would denote the time lag between each of them.

2) Begin the flow chart from the time of receiving the order, and draw a line from each diamond, box and arrow, to show how much time has elapsed for each part of the process represented by it. On investigation, to determine the actual time for each box, diamond and arrow, you will find that the arrows (idle time) take up most of the cycle time.

3) Take the boxes, diamonds and arrows one by one, and objectively assess if it changes, improves or enhances the order in any way, i.e. if it adds value to it. Idle time, delay, rework etc., would indicate non-value-added parts.

4) Once this identification is done, examine ways to eliminate or lessen the impact of these non-value-added parts, without adversely affecting the process as a whole. You may want to have a look at standardized forms or other documents being used in the process, which could require modification or simplification to reduce information-processing time.

5) Formulate a realistic action plan for transitioning from the old process to the newly designed one. Allow new order handling through the new process while letting the old one dispose off the existing ones.

6) Devise methods to phase out the old process completely over a scheduled period of time.

Implementing Six Sigma methods can lead to dramatic reduction in cycle time, and increased productivity, employee satisfaction and profits.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

The Growing Success of the Audio Book Business

Friday, March 28th, 2008

Due to the growing popularity of audio books, people involved in the audio book business are becoming more and more successful. There is a huge demand for audio books, especially now that people use portable audio equipment on a regular basis. Business involved in audio books has boomed and the market for these products has expanded to every walk of life.

Good business supplies audio books in every possible genre from self-help to children’s books and this is why success in the audio book business has continued to grow. At one stage audio books seemed to be limited to obscure or educational audio versions that could be borrowed from the library but nowadays all books shops and even music shops supply audio books. The audio book business has even exploded onto the Internet, expanding the market and providing valuable services worldwide. Working in an business selling audio books is now considered to be a busy job in a successful company as audio books are becoming a lot more commonplace and widely used. Even schools are now using audio books as part of their lessons or playtime.

Getting Established in the Audio Book Business

There is a lot of competition in the audio book business but there is also a lot of demand. The key seems to be supplying as wide a range of audio books as possible to as large an audience as possible. Getting supplies of various genres of audio book can be relatively simple but attracting a sizeable amount of custom can be slightly more difficult. The best way seems to be embracing all forms of sales and advertisement, from opening an audio book shop to supplying audio books to bookstores. From providing mail service to online services, the options in this type of business are endless.

In order to stay ahead of the competition, however, the should be able to provide alternatives to the regular forms of audio books. For example, downloadable audio books are a must have option at this time, especially the types of files that can be downloaded onto a portable external device such as an mp3 player. People are now interested in convenience and there is nothing more convenient than having a book or text downloaded onto an ipod in order to listen to while on the way to work or school. The audio book enterprise should be able to provide both entertainment and educational forms of audio books as well as keep up to date in modern technology while still providing more traditional services for the type of people who are do not frequently use modern technology overall. It is important to provide something for everyone and that seems to be the key to success in the audio book business.

Eddie Lamb provides an abundance of information on a range of topical subjects. With the amount of information now available to the discerning researcher, we believe a better understanding your area of interest helps your decision making process immensely. You’ll find a host of useful information about digital downloadable products and an Audio Book Business. here.

The Five Laws Of Six Sigma

Friday, March 28th, 2008

Six Sigma is a methodology directed at measuring and improving the operational performance of a company by identifying and eliminating defects in service related and manufacturing processes through data and statistical analysis.

Lean manufacturing, as a management philosophy, focuses on waste reduction. By elimination of waste occurring through process time, waiting time, inventory, transportation, over production, motion and scrap, there is a significant improvement in quality and a reduction in production time and costs.

The five laws of Six Sigma are derived from a combination of the principles of Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing which complement each other magnificently to construct paths for progress as defined by these Five laws.

The prime concern of the five laws is to upgrade the quality and business processes of a company with the ultimate aim of improving customer relations and return on investment. The five laws have developed over a period of time and comprise of ideas and principals which form the basis of both Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing.

The First Law Or Law 0: This is known as the Zeroth Law, as it is fundamental to the building of all other principles. The 0 law is: The Law of the Market- Customer Critical to quality. This principle defines quality and accords it the highest priority level for improvement among all other parameters. ROI (Return on Investment) and Net Present value are next in line in the order of priority.

The Second Law: The second law is known as the Law of Flexibility and states: The velocity of any process is proportional to the flexibility of the process. The implication and meaning is that greater the flexibility and receptiveness of the process to adopt changes, higher the progress rate of project implementation.

The Third Law: The third law is called The Law of Focus and states: twenty percent of the activities in a process cause eighty percent of the delay. On expansion this can be understood to mean that the bulk of the delay in any process, finds roots in a just about twenty percent of the total activities. The related problems can be dealt with speedily and effectively as the identification of the “culprit” twenty percent activities, considerably minimizes the area of refocus in the phase of reorientation.

The Fourth Law: The fourth law is referred to as the law of velocity. It is states as: The velocity of any process is inversely proportional to the amount of WIP (Work in Progress). It is also known as Little’s Law, named after the mathematician who proved the theory. The formula states that Lead Time equals Work in Progress divided by Average Completion Rate. It indicates how the velocity of project implementation gets retarded on account of the inertia of the Work in Progress. A greater number of unfinished tasks or WORK IN PROGRESS would result in a proportional lowering of the speed of progress on account of various handicaps at the ground level.

The Fifth Law: The Fifth and last Law of Lean Six Sigma states: The complexity of the service or product offering adds more non-value, costs and WIP that either poor quality (low Sigma) or slow speed (un-Lean) process problems. Lean manufacturing principles do not favor production in bulk. The last law asserts that the complex manufacturing process and service and product specification plus the bulk contribute to the redundancy of the offerings.

The five laws of Lean Six Sigma are a composite of principles of Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing. They lay down the foundation of effective improvement in the processes of a company by eliminating defects and reducing waste leading to improved product quality and a reduction in production time and costs. Better customer relations and ROI are the ultimate objectives.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.